法律非法学考研，法律非法学考研考什么科目
导语
创新能力的培养离不开科学知识的积累和创新性思维的建构。正所谓“名师出高徒”，在思维方式和学习习惯养成的关键时期，青少年能够有机会与世界顶尖学术大师交流对话，对于激发他们的学习兴趣、拓宽全球视野、培养创新精神、开发科研潜能、提高综合素质都大有裨益。
广东顺德德胜学校（国际）重磅打造“科研的力量”栏目，汇聚稀缺的世界顶尖教育资源，为广大学子提供与全球顶尖学术大师交流对话的平台，让广大学子有机会领略世界级专家学者的科研风采与学术精神，了解各学科领域的前沿研究并获得专业指导。学校特别邀请10位来自哈佛大学、剑桥大学、牛津大学、康奈尔大学、卡耐基梅隆大学的知名教授，他们学术水平突出、教育经验丰富，且研究领域覆盖广泛，包括计算机科学、自然科学、商科、社科和文学等专业，德胜（国际）9-12年级的学子们将以采访的形式，与10位世界级顶尖名师展开10场主题交流，让思想的碰撞点燃科研热情，让科研的力量助力创新人才培养。
法学是以法律、法律现象以及其规律性为研究内容的科学，是关于法律问题的知识和理论体系，也是应用最广泛、最被社会需要的学科之一。每个国家内部适用的法律对于社会安定、居民福祉具有重大意义，而国际法则是维持国际秩序的重要准绳。因此，法律及法制系统的制定与建构需成熟严谨，且在实践中不断完善，与时俱进。这也要求法学研究不断充实完善。
法学还是一门实践性很强的学科，法学专业学生要在充分学好本专业理论知识的情况下，参加各种实践活动，如到公、检、法机关以及律师事务所等实习，学习实务操作，积累经验并检验理论知识的正确性。因而，法学研究还必须考虑到实践可行性，做到理论与实践相辅相成。
由于应用广泛、发展成熟，法学已在世界各高等学校普遍开设。需要提到的是，美国的法律本科专业并没有专门开设法学课程，想要成为律师，则需要接受职业教育。美国大学本科主要提供：助理帮办研究的副学士学位（associate’s degree in paralegal studies）和法律预科的学士学位（bachelor’s degree with pre-law emphasis）。而在英国，法律是最传统的科目之一，英国牛津大学，剑桥大学均开设了法学院。
在本期“科研的力量”栏目，几名对法学专业感兴趣的德胜学子与牛津大学法学教授Stefan Enchelmaier进行了对话，一同探讨了比较法、欧洲法等概念问题，也进一步讨论了法律与正义的关系等议题；同时，Enchelmaier教授还为学生们讲解了法学学位、职业规划、专业学习等具体经验，让学生们对于法学有了更深刻的认识与体会。
以下内容为本次访谈原文，英文版本附在文末。
嘉宾介绍
Stefan Enchelmaier
牛津大学法学教授
参加本次访谈的是英国牛津大学林肯学院终身正教授Stefan Enchelmaier。Enchelmaier教授在德国波恩大学获得了欧洲竞争法的博士学位，研究方向主要有罗马法、比较公司破产、比较公司法和欧盟经济法等。教授在诺贝尔获奖者的摇篮——德国马克斯·普朗克研究所（Max Planck Institute，MPI）的知识产权与竞争法研究所任职。
访谈亮点
科研的力量旨在通过与学科领域内最负盛名的科学家深入对话，使科研的种子能够在未来生根发芽，转变为推动世界进步的力量，法学是关于法律问题的知识和理论体系，也是应用最广泛、最被社会需要的学科之一。
德胜学子与Enchelmaier教授的访谈围绕比较法的应用、法律与正义的关系等热门话题，针对以上话题展开热烈讨论和思考，从LLB学位的研究领域、比较法与欧洲法的理论与意义等专业领域话题，探讨至法律职业规划、法律的影响等实践话题，层层深入，落地实际。
关于LLB的介绍
对于可能就读的LLB法学学士学位，同学们首先向教授请教了LLB的教育重点。教授指出，LLB是一个涵盖范围广的学位，就读这一学位，既能接触理论，也会对特定法律条款进行研究。
法学研究对其他社会科学的影响
在了解了法学学位的基本信息后，同学们针对“法学专业本身及跨学科学习的兴趣”与教授探讨了法学专业与其他社会科学的联系。教授认为，法律能够和众多社会科学门类联系在一起，因为“法律是一门社会科学，你可以从内部或外部来研究法律，它与人类学、政治科学、经济学都相关联，因为法律存在于人类生活的方方面面”。
比较法的概念与意义
基于对专业信息与背景的了解，德胜学子由宏观到微观，与教授探讨了感兴趣的法学研究方向，与法学分支领域之一的比较法。教授首先阐述了比较法的学习内容：学习几个国家的法律，了解另外多种法律体系如何运作；着眼于解决同一问题的方法，因为它们在不同的法律体系中得到了发展。随后，教授从实际学习与工作层面，解释了如何在大学单一法律体系的学习中，尽可能接触到更多其他的法律体系。最后，对于比较法的意义，教授总结道：“比较法对相同或类似法律问题的解决方案进行比较，找出哪些解答方案可行，为什么可行，哪些不行，为什么不行。”
欧洲法的界定与意义
有志于在海外学习法学的同学们还与教授讨论了欧洲法的界定与意义。教授指出，欧洲法并不等同于西方法。因为“法律是有适用性的”。欧洲法与比较法的意义，在于它们“创建了一个可靠的框架，人们可以在其中扩展他们的经济活动”。
提前做好职业定位
结束了理论层面的探讨，德胜学子与教授转向法学实践与哲学问题的讨论。教授肯定了同学们提前考虑职业定位的想法，但同时鼓励同学们，“大学对每个人都是一样的，在这个阶段无需过多担心”。
法律在科技时代的变化
有同学担心，科技时代可能会对法律行业造成冲击。但教授认为，“在某种程度上，法律一直在变化，而有些事永远不会改变”。教授举了罗马法的例子佐证这一点，罗马法订立的时代还没有人工智能，但在今天签订技术合同的时候，依然还需要罗马法遗留下的法律遗产。教授对法学的前景充满信心：“所有的人工智能还是存在限制的，它永远需要真正的人类的智慧”。
正义与法律的关系
一直以来，人们都将法律与正义相关联，但教授的解读让德胜学子们对于法律与正义的关系有了新的认识。教授首先立足于正义的概念，因为“正义的观念各不相同”，所以“法律通常是民主讨论的结果，最终达成某种妥协，没有人会完全满意”。法律不断被修改，不断进步，“法律总是体现着对正义理念的民主妥协”。
法律与政策对教育系统的影响
谈及法律如何发挥作用，德胜学子从教育系统入手提问。教授由表及里，从“有法律规定我们必须去上学”入手，讲到法律发挥作用的机制，这些是平时不为人注意但又无处不在的。
法律学习经验
在对法律专业理论与实践有了新的充分理解后，德胜学子向教授请教了具体的学习经验。教授也给出了中肯的建议：尽量多认识一些人，不要只和同胞待在一起；实事求是；保持积极和快乐；追随兴趣。
在本次访谈中，来自德胜的几位同学收获颇丰，通过与教授的交流，同学们对于法学的研究领域、专业信息有了更清晰的认识，也改变了原有的“法律等于正义”的传统认知，更根据教授的讲解理解了法学的意义与法律的作用。
同时，对于未来想要在法学领域深造的同学，教授也给出了细致的建议，帮助同学们在求学之路上做好更充分的准备。
下面，让我们透过文字，一同穿越回访谈时刻，在德胜学子的带领下，走进法学的世界，在学子们与教授的对话中见证思想碰撞的火花，感受科研与创新的魅力。
访谈全文
关于LLB的介绍
Q:LLB（Bachelor of laws法学学士）教育的重点是什么？修读法学学士的学生会专注于法律体系背后的理论知识，还是也有机会接触特定的法律条款？
A:LLB是一个涵盖范围广的学位。说起私法，我已经多次提到合同法了，也提到了物权法。你可以研究私法、公法、刑法，私法被细分为契约。接下来是财产方面，我拥有什么，有些东西如土地是可转移的。也有我们碰不到的东西，如专利、商标，这些是抽象的，并非可触碰的实物。所有这些最终都基于合同。你们也了解过家庭法、继承法，这两种法律也是一样的。公法属于纪律范畴。说到宪法，国家是如何组织和执行法律的？什么是行政当局？支配他们活动的法则是什么？刑法是法律上的犯罪包括谋杀、诈骗等理论知识和具体的法律条款，两者兼而有之，该理论来源于对特定条款的研究。
Q:作为社会科学的一个重要分支，您认为法学研究对其他社会科学专业是否也有重大影响？您有什么建议可以让我们更多地了解法律信息？
A:是的，法律是一门社会科学，你可以从内部或外部来研究法律，它与人类学、政治科学、经济学有关，因为法律存在于人类生活的方方面面。是的，我也曾上过哲学课，在学哲学时曾学过伦理学，所以我也思考了法律哲学、思考我们的行为道德有多奇怪。道德是我该怎么做、什么是良好的行为、什么是道德行为，但是这些是和法律有关的，法律和哲学、拉丁语都是相辅相成的，我不太了解罗马法，但其间有着密不可分的联系。
重点概念：比较法与欧洲法
Q:能请您为我们讲解一下比较法吗？它是对不同法律制度的研究吗？
A:作为一名比较律师，你必须学习几个国家的法律，这样才能比较他们。在比较法中不研究原因，这没有多大意义，因为你只会学到一些浅层的内容。与其了解一种法律体系是如何运作，不如了解另外多种法律体系是如何运作的，在你的一生中，你可能会深入学习三到四种法律制度，这使你能够进行有意义的比较。比较法是一门选修课，在你的学习中相对较晚才出现。
但你得有点耐心。在进行比较之前，你需要先了解各个国家的法律制度，事实上，是对不同法律体系的研究。所以需要先找出一个问题，然后看看不同法律体系中不同的解决方案。大多数时候它们会有一些相似之处，因为我们都是人类，需要与他人互动，每个社会都是如此。同样的问题出现了，类似的问题也会出现，比较法着眼于解决同一问题的方法，因为它们在不同的法律体系中得到了发展。在进行有意义的比较之前，你需要先了解个别的法律制度，这样才可以大致了解其他人做事情的方式。
Q:我们知道，当今世界普遍存在五种法律制度，这些不同制度的法律实践可能存在显著差异。这是否意味着我们选择在大学学习的法律类型也将决定我们未来的道路？
A:答案在很大程度上是肯定的，一旦我们决定了一个法律体系，你就有资格在这个法律体系中执业，这并不意味着你就有资格在其他法律体系中执业。然而，比较法是一种有趣的方式，可以让你去另一个国家学习法律制度。如果你想在另一个法律体系中获得资格的话，最终也会获得资格。一旦你学习了一种法律体系，你就会发现每一种法律体系都有相似之处，而不是从零开始学习。比如，你在世界任何地方学习法律，你都会遇到德国法律。如果你在进入大学时就开始学习法律，但较没有学习的人，你会更具有优势，但通常这种优势仅能将你与他们拉开二至四周的距离。
Q: 涉及重大问题的解决方案，我们通常会对相关的法律法规从逻辑性和批判性角度进行比较。在比较解决方案时应该考虑哪些元素？
A:有时候你的解决方案只适用于一个特定的情况，我们希望一种规则能够最大化地被应用于更多情况。但一旦有一个新的案例出现，这一项规则可能就不再适用，因为案例太过于具体了。另一个问题是关于学术文化的，在学术界，每个人都有自己的想法。无论是谁，只要能够提出一个好论点，就会得到支持。当然，你也可以批判别人的论点。
Q:比较法的意义是什么，它的未来方向是什么？不同的法律体系能否相互学习，并在一定程度上融合？
A:比较法不是一种法律体系，它着眼于对现有的法律体系并进行比较。我们发现了两种法律体系的变体，两种法律体系的混合之前已经描述过了，但是比较法对相同或类似法律问题的解决方案进行比较，找出哪些可行，为什么可行，哪些不行，为什么不行，等等。比较不同国家不同的法律制度对我们来说最具挑战性的是语言，如果你想深入研究法律制度，你必须了解语言才能进行一个有意义的比较。
Q:比较法和欧洲法在多大程度上影响了全球化趋势和世界经济发展？
A:这两种法律为人们创建了一个可靠的框架，使人们可以在框架之下扩展他们的经济活动，使人们都可以和不认识的人做生意。我们都有朋友和家人，我们能够信任他们。但我们也知道有一部分人是我们不能信任的，知道与其交易会产生风险。一旦经济发展起来，你会在不同的城市、省份、国家找到贸易伙伴、商业伙伴。在这方面，法律和经济发展是齐头并进的。
Q:欧洲法律等同于西方法律吗？欧洲法律和欧洲法律传统以何种方式或在何种程度上显示其对国家和文明的重要性？
A:西方法律在某种意义上而言，是受欧洲法律影响而诞生的。普通法和民法都起源于西欧。但是就法律的意义而言，欧盟的法律和西方的法律不一样，因为西方的法律是加拿大的法律、美国的法律、澳大利亚的法律和新西兰的法律，以色列的法律在某种程度上就是南非的法律，他们没有加入欧盟，而且可能永远不会加入。没有两个完全相同的国家有习惯法，或者更确切地说，习惯法在两个拥有习惯法的国家并不相同。法律是有适用性的，法律适应它所需要回应的国家的文化、愿望、希望和经验。
提前做好职业定位
Q:是否应该选择是成为事务律师还是出庭律师？在香港，对这两种律师的培养方式是不同的，在英国是一样的吗？
A:早点做决定很重要。我不太了解香港的培养方式，在英国你只需要在大学毕业后再做决定，换句话说，你还有时间，你可以看看你喜欢哪一个。大学对每个人都是一样的，你们在这个阶段无需太过担心。很有可能你还没有充分了解这两种情况，所以现在还无法做出影响深远的决定。
法律的意义
Q:随着科技的发展，法律发生了怎样的变化？
A:在某种程度上，法律一直在变化，而有些事永远不会改变。例如，罗马人对电话一无所知，没有互联网和人工智能。但是你仍然可以根据罗马法签订涉及所有这些技术的合同，因为这是关于正义的理念，如果做出承诺，原则上你应该遵守他们的承诺，这与承诺是否达成、两个人是否需要面对面签合同达成一致、是否在世界两端通过点击服务器上的网站按钮而达成一致都无关。现在技术发生了很大的变化，因为许多机械的东西变得自动化了，例如，当两家公司合并时，要进行所谓的尽职调查。在过去，需要几十个初级律师坐在一起筛查成堆的文件，通过公司签订的合同来寻找风险，比如查看公司拥有的土地或对土地的使用是否有任何限制，现在所有这些记录大部分都是电子保存的，你可以让一个算法在几秒钟内抓取大量的材料，然后再让律师进行核查，因为所有的人工智能还是存在限制的，它永远需要真正人类的智慧。
Q:正义与法律的关系是什么？
A:正义的观念各不相同，这就是为什么法律通常是民主讨论的结果，最终达成某种妥协，没有人会完全满意。从这个意义上说，我们作为律师，不需要担心，法律体系是公正的，即使那些使用法律体系的人可能不喜欢法律，但只要在法律要求范围内，他们仍然拥有和其他人一样的权利。这就是为什么我们要保持专业距离，代表所有前来的人，包括那些有罪的人，包括任何人，这是我们的起点。但是我们要制定法律，就要有体现正义理念这一前提，因为它要在当时的立法中得到表达。立法者和议会会对此进行讨论，会有反复的争论，最后产生结果。还有独立的法院，他们关注法律的发展，如果议会不认同法院的做法，它可以纠正事件发展。在这种情况下，法律会通过和修改立法，这是一个无穷无尽的循环过程。我们制定法律，而且关注运行发展。如果有任何事情出现，法院会随时提供帮助，但是如果我们需要做一些更根本的事情，那么就需要改变法律，但法律和正义之间总会存在需要协调的问题，而且法律体现着对正义理念的民主妥协。
Q:法律和政策对教育系统的影响有多大？
A: 在某种程度上，有法律规定我们必须去上学，这是一个很明显的例子。教育的内容会由相关负责部门进行讨论和规范。虽然不一定是在法律层面，但是会在议会制下，部长向议会提交报告和文件。所以法律无处不在，有时你并没有看到它，但是当事情发生时，就会真正引起重视，这时你就会看到律师的行动。而且如果法律只是放在那而没有强制作用，就不会引起社会的重视。
学习经验
Q: 如果想在英国学习人文或社会学学科，您会给出哪些建议呢？
A:在英国尽量多认识一些人，不要只和你的同胞呆在一起，虽然有时很自然就会出现这样的情况，但还是要尽量避免。与同胞在一起时，你们也许会以母语谈论吃食、在青少年时期听过的音乐等等。但一旦你走出这个圈子与其他人交谈后，你就不会只想和你自己熟悉的人交谈。因为你的同胞与你有着相似的背景和经历，所以你会发现与圈子外的人交谈会更有趣。牛津校园内的人来自不同的国家和地区，甚至比联合国成员国的数量还多。英国大学将来自世界各地的学生联系在一起，享受经验，它会丰富你的学习。
Q: 您对即将成为法律大一的学生有什么建议吗？
A:实事求是，这是第一个简单的建议，你可以攻读法学历史、法国法律、德国法律和普通话的综合学位，也很有趣，看看你的大学都提供哪些。不要局限地思考，做你喜欢的事会做得更好，在职场中会更具优势。保持积极和快乐，强迫自己去做事情是没有意义的，最好的方法是让自己做好准备。追随你的兴趣，在你的学习过程中，并不是每件事都让你产生兴趣，这是不言而喻的，但当你有选择的时候，不要太受限。还有一个建议是：用心努力学习，这会使你受益良多。
结语
法学专业是国际公认的朝阳学科，国内外对法律专门人才的需求一直在增加，各经济组织、律师事务所对法律专门人才的需求尤为突出。这就对高校国际化法学专业人才的培养提出了更高的标准和要求，特别是与国际交往相关联专业的高学历人才，会拥有更为广阔的就业前景。通过对教授的采访，德胜学子们对于法律专业有了更清晰全面的认识，在自身升学方面也受到了极大的启发。
Interview Content
Q:What will be the focus in LLB education? Will it focus on theoretical knowledge behind a legal system or will LLB students have chances to get in touch with specific legal clauses?
A:LLB education, it’s a broad degree. You do private law. I mentioned contract law several times already. I mentioned property law also. You do private law, do public law, you do criminal law. Private law is subdivided into contract. Then there’s property. The property comes, what do I own? What are my things? These things come in as movable things. An immovable land among the movers, there are also things that we cannot touch. I have a patent. I have a trademark. All of this is ultimately based in contract. You also hear a little bit about family law, a little bit about a succession law, and that’s it. Public law comes into discipline. There’s constitutional law. How is the state-organized and administer law? What do the executive authorities? What’s the law that governs their activity? And criminal law is crimes in law that’s with murder, fraud, these things. Theoretical knowledge and specific legal clauses, while the answer is both. The theory comes from studying specific clauses.
Q:As an important branch in social science, do you think that the study of law also do have significant impact in other majors of social science? What suggestions you would like to give that allow us to know more about legal information?
A:Law is a social science. You can look at law from the inside or from the outer. It has connections with anthropology. It has connections with political sciences. It has connections with economics. Because the law is in every aspect of human life.Yes, I did in philosophy. I have ethics when I did philosophy, I did lots of ethics. So I thought about the philosophy of law and the philosophy of how odd we to act ethically. Ethics is how should I and what should I do? What is good behavior? What is moral behavior? But that this is related to law. Law and philosophy go together. Law and latin go together. I didn’t do much Roman law, but that would have been the obvious combination.
Q:Could you please tell us more about what exactly is comparative law? Is it the study on different legal systems?
A:As a comparative lawyer, you have to have studied several national legal assistants where you can compare them. There is no cause in comparative law, it wouldn’t make a lot of sense, because you would only learn rather superficial information. Rather than get an idea of how one legal system works, get an idea of how another legal system works. In the course of your life, you might perhaps learn three or four legal systems in depth which allows you a meaningful comparison. Comparative law is an optional subject which comes relatively late in your studies.
But you have to be a bit patient. You need to learn the individual legal systems first before you can compare them. It is indeed the study of different legal systems. So identify a problem, and then you look at the different solutions in different legal systems. Most of the time, they will have some similarities, because we’re all human beings. I need to interact with other people. That’s the same in every society. The same problems arise. Similar problems arise. Comparative law looks at the solutions to the same problem as they have developed in different legal systems. You need to know individual legal systems first before we can embark on a meaningful comparison. You can have some general overview to give you an idea that other people do things differently.
Q:We know that there are generally five legal systems in the world today, and that there may be significant disparities in how these different systems practice law. Does this mean that the sorts of law we choose to study at university will also determine our future path? As high school students, to what extent should we know about different legal systems?
A:The answer is, to a large extent, yes. Once we have decided on one legal system, you are typically qualified to practice in that one legal system that does not automatically qualify you to practice in other legal systems. Nevertheless,comparative law is an interesting way of enabling you to go to another country to learn the legal system and to qualify eventually, if that’s what you want in that other legal system. Once you’ve studied one legal system, you will recognize similarities in every legal system. You will not come from zero. If you study anywhere in the world, you will come across German law. When you go to university, maybe have law courses at school. They are useful. My observation is when people come to university and they’re at law at school, the advantage that they have over those who haven’t had law at school lasts for about three weeks, four weeks.
Q:Also like hard solutions, or the laws and regulations being logically and critically compared? What are the elements that should be considered when comparing solutions?
A:Sometimes you make a solution which works for one particular case, and we want to have as many as few rules as possible applying to as many cases, but then once the next case comes it doesn’t work because it was too specific. The other thing is a question more of academic culture. In academia, everybody’s voice counts to the same extent. If you have a good argument, it’s the argument that counts. It’s not who you are. It’s in that sense. It’s an entirely free discussion. Anyone can say anything. You can be critical, and you can be supported.
Q:What is the significance of comparative law and what is its future? Can different legal systems learn from one another and, to some extent, merge?
A:Now, comparative law is not a legal system. It looks at existing legal systems and compares them. It’s not. There’s not a country which has compared to law as its legal system. We have, we find variants of the two legal systems, mixtures of the two legal systems are described earlier, um, but the comparative law is not a legal system. It’s all right. It looks at legal systems that it finds in countries and compares the solutions to the same or similar problems to find out which solutions work, why they work, what doesn’t work, why it doesn’t work, and so forth. What’s the most challenging thing for us to learn to compare different law system in different countries? The greatest challenge is language. But it’s superficial. If you want to study a legal system in the depth that enables you to be a meaningful comparative, you have to know the language.
Q:To what extent do comparative laws and European laws affect the trend toward globalization and world economic development?
A:The answer is itcreates a reliable framework in which people can expand their economic activities. They can engage in business with people whom they don’t know. We all have friends and family, and we trust them, and we know what to expect. Part of them might be something we don’t trust, but then we know we can’t trust them, and we know what our risk is. Once an economy develops, people deal with people whom they don’t know. You find trading partners, business partners in the next city, in the next province, in a different country. And in that respect, law and economic development go hand in hand.
Q:Is European law more or less equivalent to Western law? In what way or to what extent do European laws and European legal traditions show its significance to the countries and civilizations?
A:European law driven to Western law? In a sense, yes, the common law and the civil law, both originate in West Europe. But European law, as in the sense of the law, the law of the European Union is not the same as Western law, because Western law is of Canada’s law, US’ law, Australia’s law, and New Zealand. This law of Israel is, to some extent, the law of South Africa. And they’re not in the European Union, and they will probably never be. In what way to extend to European laws, and you can legally ensure its significance to the countries and civilizations they are. There are no two identical countries that have the common law. Or rather, the common law is not identical in the two countries that have it. Law is adaptable. Law adapts to the culture, to the aspirations, to the hopes, to the experiences of the countries in which it comes to reply.
Q:Is it important to decide earlier about choosing between being a solicitor or a barrister? In HK, the education provided for these two paths is completely different, is it the same in the UK?
A:Now we have to decide, and yes, it is important to decide early.I don’t know about Hong Kong. In the UK, you only have to decide after university. In other words, you still have time. You can see which one you like. University stays just the same for everybody. So that’s at this stage. Don’t worry. It’s very likely that you haven’t seen enough of either to make a far-reaching decision now.
Q:How has law changed with the development of technology?
A:Well, it changes all the time to some extent. Some things never changed.The Romans, for instance, had no idea about the telephone. The Romans had no Internet. The Romans had no artificial intelligence. And still, you can make contracts involving all these technologies running on Roman law. Because again, it’s about the idea of justice. If you make a promise, you should, in principle, keep their promise. That does not matter whether the promise was made with two people coming together, shaking hands, or whether you clicked on a button on a website on a server that is at the other end of the world. Now, technology changes a lot at the moment, because many mechanical things become automated. For instance, when two companies merge, something that is called due diligence is carried out. In other words, there used to be dozens of junior lawyers who would go through, who would sit in a room with tons and tons of paper and going through the contracts that the company had made to find any risks, to look at the land that it owned, to see whether there were any restrictions on the use of the land. And all of this now that records are mostly kept electronically, you can have an algorithm crawl over the tons of material in few seconds, and you will then be able to find these areas where a human lawyer needs to have a look. Because all artificial intelligence is ultimately stupid. It will always need the intelligent eye of a real human.
Q:What is the relationship between justice and law?
A:Ideas of justice differ. That’s why law is typically the outcome of a democratic discussion, at the end of which some compromise is reached, with which nobody will be entirely happy. And in that sense, we as lawyers, don’t have to worry about. The legal system is such as just, even though they might be unpleasant people who use the legal system if what they demand of somebody else is within the law, they have a right to it like everybody else does. And that’s why we take a professional distance and represent anybody who comes, including those who are guilty, including those who don’t like, including anybody. So the law should have idea, the law does. That’s our starting point. But the assumption that we make the law embodies the idea of justice as it found an expression in the legislation at the time. And the legislator, parliament will have discussed it, there will have been arguments back and forth, and in the end, this is what came out. There’s also, remember their independent courts, who have an eye over the development of the law. If parliament doesn’t like what the courts do, it can correct the development. In this case, law by amending the legislation. So it’s an endless it’s an endless loop. We create a law, we see how it works. If anything doesn’t work as we had intended, the courts help from day to day. If we think that something more fundamental needs to be done then we change the legislation. But there’s always the question about law and justice.The law always embodies the democratic compromise on the idea of what is just.
Q:How much do law and policy affect the education system?
A:To the extent that there’s legislation which says, we have to go to school. That’s an obvious example a curriculum. What you learn might be debated, might be laying down, probably not in laws, but probably in minicative documents by the minister who has the report to a parliament in a parliamentary system, Yeah, there’s law everywhere. You don’t really see it because it own typically comes into play when things go wrong. That’s when you see the lawyer action.Other than that, if it just hangs along, you don’t notice it.
Q:Could you give us some general tips of studying human or social sciences in the UK that you think are the most vital?
A:Try to get to know as many people in the UK as you can. Do not stick with your compatriates. That’s a natural tendency we have. We want to be able to beat. We speak our language. We live, what we like to eat, what music we have listened to when we were teenagers, and all this kind of stuff. But once you discover how interesting it can be to talk to other people, you will not really want to talk to your own people, because that’s so similar to you, that they are just less interesting. Here in Oxford, we have people from more countries than the United Nations, fast member states. And we are lots of Swiss students. And this will be similar in audio, UK University to meet you from around the world. Enjoy the experience. It will enrich you intellectually.
Q:Do you have any advice to soon-to-be law freshmen?
A:If you’re a woman, then don’t call yourself a man.It’s the first simple advice. So, you can do combined degrees, law history, French law, and German law and mandarin. Also very interesting. See what’s an offer at your university. Do not try to think strategically. Do what you like. Then you’ll do well in it, and then you’ll be an attractive position for future employers.You’re just a happy person.There’s no point in forcing yourself to do things. And the best way of preparing yourself to be ready for when something comes to your way.So follow your interests.Not everything will be equally of interest to you in your course of studies. Enjoy the experience. It will enrich you intellectually. It will enrich you first. One thing which will almost always be true, it’s always done by learning things by heart. This will help you.
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